Here are the basics you'll need to care for your freshwater fish:
Vacuuming
Vacuuming is extremely important, perhaps the most important aspect of tank maintenance. You'll need to regularly remove fish wastes and uneaten food from the tank. Not only will this maintain the health of your fish, but it will keep your filter and water clean. Aquarium vacuums are available in pet stores, and vacuuming the aquarium should be done once per month.
Water Testing
It's also very important to test the water in your aquarium. When the tank is first set up, you will need to test the water every few days and then about once per week for the first two months. The water will go through a few changes as it adjusts. After the initial two months, water can be tested once per month or if your fish start to exhibit abnormal behavior.
Filter Checks
External filters need to be checked often for debris buildup which can affect the effectiveness and efficiency of your filter. Rinse the filter mat with water about every four months, and replace 50% of the filter media every six months.
Water Changes
Water changes are extremely important in maintaining the water quality of the tank. Every week, you will need to replace about 10–20% of the water in your tank. The best way to do this is to use a siphon and a large bucket. Siphons can be purchased at pet stores. Your replacement water should be distilled water, or tap water that has been aged for a few days.
Algae Removal
Algae can have a detrimental effect on your aquarium. Though a little bit of algae can be helpful, it's important not to let too much of it grow in your tank. To keep algal growth low, you can introduce algae eating fish to your aquarium, reduce the amount of light and make sure you have enough plants in your aquarium.
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